douglas mcgregor theory x theory y pdf files

Douglas mcgregor theory x theory y pdf files how to#

The manager should have close supervision and direct control over the employees’ behaviors. Motivation is achieved only through punishment, threats, fear and special rewards.Ī management can be “hard” or “strong” (The Human Side of Enterprise). A strict control and behavior monitoring are performed on the workers in order to avoid slacking towards the task at hand. As per the theory X, a successful company has better productivity attained when the management staff forces the employees to finish their duties at work.

Douglas mcgregor theory x theory y pdf files how to#

The environment is described by all means on how to deal with pessimistic and lazy people while finding ways to comprehend with the management style. They have no confidence and are not trusted by the organization. It assumes that people by nature are not willing to do their jobs and that their assigned duties are not done because they always find ways not to finish them. Theory X has a fanatical, narrow minded, poor listener, short tempered, arrogant style of management and has no interest in the human issues in general. Accordingly, they should be forced, monitored, controlled and directed either by punishment or rewards to keep them working (McGregor, 1960). McGregor believes that people by nature dislike and avoid work. McGregor believed that theory X stresses on the satisfaction of the lower needs where extrinsic rewards are on pay and benefits. It reflects on the personality of the manager which reveals on the outside a confident image and well hands-on managed business. Theory X is an autocratic management style where the manager has the centralization of power and takes decision without taking the opinion of colleagues at work. Both of them refer to a new style of management and human motivation. This book describes the development of two new theories X and Y. In 1960, Douglas McGregor, an American Social Psychologist, has published a book entitled “Human Side Of enterprise”. Each theory tackles its philosophy from its end, for example, theory X believes pushing employees to work by having punishment and rewards can actually be a motivational factor, while theory Y promotes the self-management, self-esteem, management by objective leading to intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. They both look at ways and means on how to motivate employees and therefore have a feel of characters of their workers. Theory X and Y are two different management styles with certain philosophy interpreted by each style manager. This paper combines a realistic management style to the traditional known autocratic (X) and democratic (Y) styles during economic crisis. Mc Gregor’s philosophy insists on two fundamental approaches to manage people while combining additional factors other than human nature such as the human relations can play a positive role for effective change. The purpose of this paper is to analyze both theories and determine the effective way to reach the ultimate results. This paper addresses both theories X and Y of Mc Gregor in economic crisis, where X is the one that might get the poor results focusing on instrumental, physiological values comparing to theory Y where managers are effective leaders with better performance and terminal values promoting self-esteem and actualities. It has been a fact that sustainability and employee turnover in corporations rely heavily on the different styles of management practiced at given companies nowadays.